The Last Muslim Conquest - The Ottoman Empire and Its Wars in Europe (2021)

In telling the story of conquest and imperial rivalry, the book introduces myriad characters, from sultans, kings, popes, generals, and admirals, to lesser-known but equally colorful viziers, frontier governors, envoys, interpreters, spies, and pirates. The narrative brings to light the characteristics of Ottoman strategy and statecraft, challenging long-held views. 

Historian Gâabor Ágoston rejects the "clash of civilizations" narrative by demonstrating the multi-ethnic and multi-confessional character of the empire and its entanglements in European politics. He examines the varied methods of Ottoman conquest, including dynastic marriages, religious accommodation, and the incorporation of the conquered people into the Ottoman military and administration. But Ágoston also rebuffs more recent distortions of Ottoman history that have turned Ottoman sultans into Renaissance princes and blurred the cultural fault lines between Islam and Christendom. He argues that while the Ottomans were an integral part of Europe and, in many ways, a "European" empire, theirs was a polity principally shaped by Turco-Iranian and Islamic models. 

He also demonstrates how religion - both Ottoman holy wars and Christian crusades - remained paramount for legitimating policies and mobilizing one's supporters for conquest and defense. 

Chapters on military capabilities, frontier management, lawfare, and diplomacy offer a new explanation of the gradual shift in power between the Ottomans and their European rivals, reframing the old story of Ottoman decline"--